Types of Contracts Free Essays

Stock Options and Multinational Corporations Essay

Investment opportunities and Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Being a maker of pharmaceutical items, the market is worldwide and buyer run is expansive; and this won't represent any issue as far as the area of the endeavor. China is at present the main financial zone in Asia, and extending to this piece of the globe will be gainful for the organization. China is a decent wellspring of less expensive work, therefore coming about to less creation costs. It is likewise a decent area for coordinations since shoppers in the Asia-Pacific district can be arrived at a lot quicker and simpler. The investigation led by Tong and Reuer (2007) indicated that wandering in an outside nation has a practically immediate relationship with drawback dangers, both regarding return on resources and profit for value. This is on the grounds that social likenesses must be considered so as to limit the negative impacts. The way that China’s language is the principle boundary, plans must be spread out so as to defeat this shortcoming. By adjusting the procedure done by Tong (2007), the utilization of a Heckman two-phase model will be a decent method to for genuine choices examination. Factors, for example, social separation, exchange limitations and GDP ought to be assessed to decide whether the outcomes are good. China’s language obstruction can be fathomed, by getting colleagues who can convey both in English and Chinese. Thusly, the organization will have the option to infiltrate billions of customers, and give significantly more open doors in the

Reviewing the Same Essay Topics Which Have Previously Held Top Ten Positions

Reviewing the Same Essay Topics Which Have Previously Held Top Ten PositionsThe present year, 2020, was marked by an English essay topic which has remained in the top ten of all topics for the last five years. That is, the O-level essay, as it is called, was in the top ten of essays submitted to universities. This means that it is becoming an integral part of most people's degree programs, and therefore it is important that the format and structure of an O-level essay remain constant.The fall season is approaching, and schools are now rushing to prepare their courses for the September or October semester. In this section of the school year, students will have a lot of new concepts to grasp. For students with previous knowledge of the English language, there is a good chance that some of these concepts will be too advanced for them. If this is the case, it is a good idea to refresh their memory by reviewing the same essay topics that have previously remained in the top ten of all essa y topics.O level essay topics are always taken from the old research papers, so a good place to start is by looking at the old topic papers. It is best to look at these papers with the help of software such as Microsoft Power Point and/or Adobe Acrobat, as these types of programs can quickly and easily convert the paper into a presentation and arrange it in such a way that it can be easily managed.One of the advantages of studying an essay that was written in another year or decade is that you will be able to see what the expectations are from a college essay. In the 1990s, essays were put together in a much different manner, as most of the older essay topics are concerned. It was seen as far back as the 1970s that college writers were expected to give some sort of an essay based on a research paper.The old research papers, as it was also called, used a large number of different topics in an essay. In these essays, it was usually easy to cover a wide range of ideas in a few hundred words. These days, however, you will find that the focus of the essay is on only one topic, and that is why the target audience of the essay becomes much smaller.The research paper format that has been used since the 70s also used a template for the essay. This template covered topics such as the end of the war in Vietnam, the birth of Internet technology, and social change. The purpose of the template was to allow students to use the same research paper format in order to prepare for their first college essay.O level essay topics which covered topics such as the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the emergence of China as a world economic power, and the effect of the Great Recession on the financial industry are still easy to use. Since the fall of communism, for example, is a fairly recent concept, and since the internet has only recently come into use, it is not an issue that students will be dealing with when writing their essay.Another reason why students should review the sa me essay topics that have previously remained in the top ten of all essay topics is because these topics were often repeated in an old research paper. For example, the research paper on the fall of communism included an essay on the benefits of modern technology. It also contained a section which looked at new developments and the societal changes that these new technologies were bringing about.

My Experience At My House - 753 Words

The picturesque wall at my house is a beatific sight for any visitor. The wall for me has been serving as a source of motivation since adolescence as it also features my now entrepreneur father’s degrees. I consider myself lucky to have found a role model during my early childhood years in the form of my father whose achievements and hard work have always inspired me. My keen interest in engineering and my desire to work for the betterment of the society through leadership strikes a chord with what my father has been doing during his lifetime. My father took the traditional path of acquiring bachelors and masters in technology and finally masters in business administration. As a young child I always wondered the reason for him to†¦show more content†¦The courses in design and manufacturing taught me the interdisciplinary nature of any undertaken work. The course instructed us to design a motorcycle engine; though the project sounds purely mechanical it involved material selection, electrical components, costing and aesthetics along with the mechanical engineering aspects. My internship at MAHLE Behr India was a life changing experience as it made me realize the importance of client interaction and negotiations along with a sound understanding of technical systems. It also made me realize the immense competition in the market and how customer satisfaction was at the heart of any decision making involved. I found the idea of a T-shaped engineer to be justified following my internship as limiting myself to technical knowledge I believe would limit my desires of being a leader. In addition to being a premier international institution and boasting a diverse campus, the core business foundation and focused technical courses make Duke the top preferred school for me. The internship experience I believe will add to my quest to learn and grow as a professional. Throughout my life I found talks given by distinguished people inspiring. Simon Sinek’s talk on â€Å"How Leaders Inspire Action† is one of the few talks that have shaped the forward and positive thinking in me and thus I believe the Seminar and Workshop series would further my knowledge inShow MoreRelatedMy Experience At My House2632 Words   |  11 Pagesof this paper will be separated into different types of development in a child s life: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development. For this case study I spent time observing Sydney at a restaurant and in my home. At my house, I asked her many questions about her life, school, and friends. I also gave he r a few tests to observe her memory. Physical Development Because of knowing her since she was ten months old, Sydney s growth has been very apparent over theRead MoreMy Experience At The School House Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesFriday in May of 1996. I bore a smile on my face as big as the Joker, and my stomach was filled with butterflies, I knew it was going to be a remarkable day. My grandmother was allowing me to attend my classmate Tammy slumber party, now as she and I started packing my pajama and necessity in a small overnight bag. She sat me down on the bed and begin to express the rules for me to attend this sleepover. The phone rung, it was Tammy’s mother confirming my stay that night. As they talked, I sat thereRead MoreMy Experience At My Grandmother s House985 Words   |  4 Pagesto your mother†. My mother always gave me the feeling of intimidation, her eyes were always watching to make sure I did nothing wrong. However I was the sort a child who always liked to â€Å"Poke a sleeping bear†. I had rece ntly gotten rid of my training wheels and felt the need to ride my bike everywhere. Now when you re that age, on a bike falling is inevitable. Most kids gets scrapes or bruises, I received a greater injury. My mother decided we were going to visit my aunt s house, I decided againstRead MoreMy Experience At Neville s Family House953 Words   |  4 PagesThis reflection paper concentrates on my volunteered experience at â€Å"Neville’s Family House (NFH).† Family House, established in 1983, is a non-profit licensed organization with four similar houses in different Pittsburgh’s locations: Neville, McKee, Shadyside, and University Place. Each Family House provides a special â€Å"home away from home atmospheres† for patients and their families who must travel to Pittsburgh treatment (s) of serious or life-threatening illnesses. By providing an affordable andRead MoreStay at My Grandparents House Was a Great Experience1159 Words   |  5 PagesKirchner Intermediate Writing August 18th 2010 My grandparent’s House My grandparents lived at 5501 Oldham in Lincoln Nebraska. It was a small 2-bedroom home with a large backyard. My grandparents bought their home as a young couple with two small children. They soon added 2 more children, one of them being my mother. Every holiday and family gathering was held at my grandparent’s house. Everything from birthdays to Christmas the whole family gathered. My grandparents had 4 children and 13 grandchildrenRead MoreMy Experience in a Haunted House - Original Writing Essay examples1588 Words   |  7 PagesMy Experience in a Haunted House - Original Writing I stared at the forgotten ruin as my taxi pulled up outside. It reminded me of a tombstone in a graveyard, overcome with vines; twisting around it like a snake trying to kill its prey. I got out. 5.55 please mate stated the cab driver. I exchanged money with him and he drove off. I looked up upon this house with great discomfort. Why on earth did I agreeRead Moreessay about myself971 Words   |  4 Pagescollege preparatory boarding school in USA. This is my short essay (100-200 words), topic is Tell us about yourself and why you would like to become a part of our school family. My story is similar like the story of thousand of other children: My father struggled with alcohol and drug problems which caused him to leave my mother and me, so I grew up with only my mother. Nevertheless, I realized what I want from my life. Throughout my life, I have heard people constantly repeat that childrenRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Community Service1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthey’re exposed to certain situation. I feel that community service exposes you to experiences new things, and thats what what change the individual perspective, be exposed to new thing. â€Å"Students active engagement in learning facilitates thinking critically, questioning assumptions, considering varying perspectives, and appreciating the civic purpose of their profession. (Goldberg, Richburg and Wood 2006).† In my opinion, the place where I volunteer help me realize that not everybody life is easyRead MoreGrandmothers House Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesGrandmothers House My grandmother’s house has a very special place in my heart. As the family has gotten older and we have all had our own children we do not visit as we should. I visited with my grandmother many times when I was little. Her house always seemed to have something about it that set it apart from all the rest. As you walk into the back door of her house you would notice a long, narrow kitchen that led into the main living and dining room of her house. The smell of food home cookedRead MoreA Personal Experience with Moving852 Words   |  4 PagesExperience in Moving When humans reflect on their lives they often categorize things by their location at the time of the event, grouping their college experience separately from their hometown high school experiences. This association with place causes us to view an unwanted movement as an attack on our personal way of living. I first experienced such an affront when I was in the first grade, my family and I moved to a small town about three hours away from San Angelo. My father wanted to be

Fast Food Failures Essay - 1080 Words

Fast food is exactly how it sounds: food that can be quickly produced for a simple meal. Although they may be satisfactory, they are anything but healthy. Eating fast food is appetizing which is one of the main reasons it is so popular. Not only does it taste good to many, but it is inexpensive, too! America is the number one place for fast food. There are over 160,000 fast food restaurants in the United States and over 50 million Americans are served fast food daily. The frequency of eating fast food is also a problem because according to statisticbrain.com 44 percent of Americans confessed to consuming fast food once per week. What people do not realize is the harm that fast food is doing to their body. Not only is fast food a†¦show more content†¦They add it because of the flavor, but it is high in fat as well as calories. To flavor your food add vegetables and fruits such as onions and pickles. Salt is a little thing that can lead to a big negative impact. Fast food cont ains a lot of sodium and too much sodium consumptions can lead to high blood pressure. According to MedPage Today, high salt intake is the main contributor cardiovascular diseases. A study by the New York City Health Department surveyed 6,580 meals bought at local fast food restaurant chains. The results found were mind-blowing. 57 percent of the meals exceeded the recommended 1,500-mg daily sodium level. Just one meal can pass the sodium level recommended for the entire day. Some healthier options at a burger chain are the following. Instead of that double-patty hamburger with cheese, mayonnaise, and bacon get a regular, single-patty hamburger without the mayonnaise no cheese. An easy change that can make a big difference is changing from fried or breaded to grilled. Healthier choices are out there, but it’s just a matter of being strong enough to say no to the extra calories, fat, and grease. The way fast food advertises is extremely popular with the media. Children are tar geted through this because they are the ones who watch a lot of television. Great advertising techniques such as flashy colors and celebrity figures are luring children to try their product. One of the most popular out there for kids is Ronald McDonald. When it comes toShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Obesity1085 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American people, but what is the root of this seemingly unavoidable problem? According to David Zinczenko, it is the failings of the American society, but in the opinion of Radley Balko, it’s the facilitation of the governments support and the failure to take self-responsibility from the people themselves. They both have an opinion as to what the cause of obesity in America, but Zinczenko has the better argument. Through the use of real-life examples, refutation, and sound logic/reasoning ZinczenkoRead MoreFast Food Nation By Eric Shlosser1620 Words   |  7 Pagessociety is the obesity derived from most of the time for the food on the g o or â€Å"Fast Food.† This food can be prepare very quickly is sold at the restaurants and served to the costumer for takeout or take away. When people eat this food can have many consequences for this actions that can led like heart diseased diabetes, obesity, or heart problems and many more. This food also has become popular all over the world the topic about fast food can be see it and judged in different sides positive and negativeRead MoreCase 6 Burger King: Selling Whoppers in Japan1289 Words   |  6 Pagesby its new marketing strategy. II. Problem Statement: a. Burger king failed to effectively target the cost conscious consumer and instead promoted its premium burgers. b. Failure to communicate their brand value to their Japanese consumers. c. Lack of funds for their market expansion. d. Stiff competition in fast-food industries in Japan. III. Objectives: Burger King’s objective is to succeed in Japan and intends to increase market share. IV. Areas of Consideration: SWOT Analysis for BurgerRead MoreMcdonald s Successful Fast Food Chain911 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the world’s most recognized fast food chain. McDonald’s operates in over 119 countries with more than 30,000 restaurants. For right around 60 years, McDonald’s has defined the fast food industry while etching its golden arch logos, Ronald McDonalds, and the big mac sandwich. Millions of people have worked at McDonald’s as their very first job. McDonald’s introduced us to concepts like drive-thru window and the Happy Meal for kids allowing them to provide fast, affordable, dining while on theRead MoreCase Study of Innout Burger Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"American Dream†; work hard and prosperity will follow. The American Dream is what this Country was founded on. Had the pioneers feared failure, we would not be here today, â€Å"Fear: In business, as in life, we all get afraid, but what do we do about it? Successful entrepreneu rs learn how to push through fear and embrace their failures. When the fear of failure is looming at the door, these men did not look for an escape route. They pushed on.† (The Daily Record). At some point, it seems, everyoneRead MoreFive Guys Business Analysis1162 Words   |  5 PagesFive Guys is a fast casual restaurant chain that originated in Arlington, Virginia[-0] within the Washington Metropolitan Area[-1]. The chain sells mainly hamburgers[-2], hot dogs[-3] and French Fries[-4]. Five Guys enterprises has grown from a single family owned restaurant to a franchise with 450 locations in thirty states. Five Guys opened its doors to Arlington, Virginia in 1986. The restaurant was started by four brothers who were given the choice to start a business or go to collegeRead MoreBurger King1185 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Burger King Beefs Up By Janet Mosha Burger King is the world’s largest chain of flame-broiled fast food restaurants. Its core competency is its flame-broiled burgers; whereas other fast food hamburger joints serve fried burgers or no burgers at all, Burger King offers the unique flame-broiled burgers with any options that a customer might like, consumers have the benefit of having a burger they cannot find elsewhere. Initially Burger King only sold burgers, fries, shakes, and sodas;Read MoreFood Inc When The Food Industry Keeps Their Farmers Under Their Control1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie â€Å"Food Inc† we saw how the food industry keeps their farmers under their control. Food incorporation sets new protocols that require the farmers to keep purchasing more on dept. As a result of loans and only $18,000 annually (Kenner) they are stuck in a hole that they can’t get out of. I find many things disturbing about this. First off, I find it disturbing that he picked a poorly educated farming area. It seems obvious that the farmers don’t know what they got into and don’t have anyRead MoreMcdonalds Arch Deluxe1551 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen in the hamburger business since the 1950’s and grown into a world-wide fast-food giant known for â€Å"Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value†. As the McDonald’s empire grew so did their menu, it adapted to the tastes of their customers. In 1996 McDonald’s launched the Arch Deluxe; their answer to what adults want to eat. The public did not agree with McDonalds and the product was not successful. CAUSE OF PRODUCT FAILURE McDonalds advertising tried to show that the new Arch Deluxe was fancierRead MoreAn Analysis of Advertisement1539 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are so used to the abundance of food that they have no idea what all is involved in establishing a full meal. Americans take this great abundance of food for granted, which causes an increased craving for more. This is where the world of advertisement has been the strongest. One of the easiest ways to reach people is through their food; therefore, major food industries try to lure people in at all costs just to buy their products. The Fast food industry is the ringleader of all this trickery

Cross-Cultural Management International Management

Question: Discuss about the Cross-Cultural Management for International Management. Answer: Introduction Cross Cultural Management is recognized as a discipline of international management. It involves management of work after making consideration of differences existing in the cultures, preferences, and practices of the people belonging from different background. Apart from the differences in culture, businesses also adopt and learn to modify their approaches in order to compete in the international market. Through adoption of cross culture management, many businesses will no longer become bounded by the physical geography and will be able to establish online interactions with the other group members. Inter-cultural interactions taking place between businesses increases the importance of their people and leading to access towards wider areas of market that are fully developed using new technology(Sahu et al., 2014). Wireless technology plays key role in creation of such environment as it shrinks the world and helps to formulate faster interactions across the seas. This also makes the t ravelling faster and easier as many people know how to interact with the people of different cultural. Apart from businesses, cross-culture management is the need of different other professions also. It has become the curricula or the part of their training schedule. For instance, individuals or group of members who have planned to work in the different cultural environment requires that they have effective communication skills. This will make them feel respectful towards the people with whom they were going to indulge and will help them to remove the misunderstandings, if exists. The understanding of facts is necessary because communication holds value in every profession (Sderberg Holden, 2002). Discussion As per the notifications of Tichy (1983), the fields where human resources are managed were emerging in the market as a process of gradual and uneven transformations. International organizations were now experiencing the different phases of transitions at the ending, beginning and in-between sections (Laurent, 1986). After crossing the national boundaries, businesses were pressurized to develop skills and management abilities. The businessmen were keenly aware of the cultural factors that have heavy influence on the management styles. Many authors have argued in their researches that this method has become out of phase as it is seen in most of the organizations that cultural differences has become the cause of conflicts and miscommunications. The reason is being existence of transnational companies that faces challenges for managing the multicultural project teams and global knowledge networks. They do so to interact and collaborate with the people across boundaries using global communication technologies. The major focus of cross cultural communication is on behavior of people belonging from different culture and working together in similar organization. The cross culture management mainly emphasizes on issues related with the traditional organizational behavior such as leadership, motivation, group dynamics, and decision making. It is the study of micro level rather than the study of macro level (Adler, 2016). Definition of Cross-Cultural Management Nancy Adler (2008) has given a definition of cross cultural management: Cross-Culture Management describes about organizational behavior existing between individuals belonging from different countries having their own culture. All the employees of the institution were associated with each other and formulate their own organization. They were seeking to improve the interaction taking place between co-workers, executives, manager, suppliers, alliance partners and clients present around the world.(Kawar, 2012) In other words: Cross-Culture Management is the achievement of cultural synergy, productive diversity and intercultural effectiveness through processes using successful cultural adaptation, cross-cultural social engagement and performance management. Managers use their specific leadership qualities for managing skills of cross-cultural teams that involve resolution of culturally related value dilemmas.(Kawar, 2012) The growing demands of the world have improved the importance of managers having sophisticated global management skills and capability to work with other people of the country. International working organizations and their role in economic development is quite common these days. Companies are now adopting outward nature for getting in touch with various national cultures (Chevrier, 2003). Importance of Cross-Culture Management Problem-Solving is one of the important tasks that must be handled by the management. At the same time, it must also be considered that which of the partnering company is bringing capital and know-how. The partnering companies that supply the best to the company and will be able to secure the future of the company usually have an influence on the newly established culture of the organization (Negandhi, 1983). When organization becomes capable of overcoming the possible misunderstanding and creates a favorable environment for all the participating partners, then it is possible that company would be able to engage more partnering companies. The consequences in which cultural differences of the organization is ignored leads to obtainment of devastating results such as acquisitions and fusions. Rodgers, Gancel and Raynaud (2002) have defined some of the causes that might create problem for the management. They are as follows: Insufficient Understanding: Managers were well-aware about the norms and standards followed in culture of organization but do not understand about the issues and as a result they underestimate the impacts of culture. Instead, they also do not take risk of handling the issues by the fear that it may cause harm to their organization (Xing, 1995). Insufficient Willingness: Managers after being aware about the cultural practices do not want to indulge in such process. Usually, such decisions are taken by the managers because of following reasons: They were more interested in managing technical problems or economic issues rather than investing enough time over the management of cultural differences. Management of cultural aspects does not hold importance for the managers, hence they give much priority to understand the cultural aspects, but they do not resolve such issues on urgent basis and prefers to work without any pressure for reaching the final results. They experience some kind of fear that is totally unknown to them (Singh, 2001). For example: While dealing with financial problems, they do not feel safer or comfortable or they might be frightening from people, their behavior, emotions, their power of making decisions causes discomfort in their mind. Manager believes that cooperation is more necessary than maintenance of culture in the organization. According to authors also, this is very nave and contra-productive approach of managers, especially when managers were deeply affected by the emotional substances of national culture. Care of cultural integration becomes no more attractive for the manager (Hilb Kaufmann, 2003). They consider that cultural integration will not serve them with money and will not prove their success. Insufficient Awareness of existing difference: Managers might be unaware of the differences existing in the cultural dimension of management. Insufficient level of abilities and skills: Managers have the zeal to do something about it and they also put their efforts for doing it but they fails due to lack of sufficient competence and capabilities. It might be due to lack of intercultural sensitivities, lack of knowledge, and lack of appropriate skills (REDDY, 2010). Theories of Cross-Cultural Management Cross- Culture Management is the source of innovative thinking and source of experience that enhances the competitive position of the organization. The cultural differences and their management play a major role in the successful completion of projects handled by the multicultural global community. It is required that to achieve the goals of the project, the manager should be culturally sensitive and try to work for promoting creativity and motivation using flexible leadership qualities. The theory of cross-culture management reflects on relations existing between people and the organization (Anbari et al., 2003). It is like motivational orientation that helps in maintaining the risk, attitudes of time, attitudes of environment, definition of self, definition of others and many other activities that are directly and indirectly related to the management of cultural dimensions. Geert Hofstede Theory of Cultural Dimensions: Dimensions of culture are the important aspect that is to be maintained by every international business in their organization. The cultural dimension within the organization helps the manager in navigating the international business market (Laura M. Milner, 1993). In 1980, Greet Hofstede has given their theory named as Hofstedes Cultural Dimension Theory in which he has defined about the framework of cultural dimensions. He has described that there is great effect of the societys culture on the value of its members and how these values are related with the behavior of the individual. Later on Hofstede has developed a model that is designed using factor analysis. According to Geert Hofstede, culture is a mind collective program that helps in differentiating the members of one group and the people of one category from another. Here, the term category is referred to religions, nations, regions within nations or across nations, ethnicities, occupations, genders and organizations. In order to provide more clear evidences of his argument, Hofstede has surveyed the people who were working in IBM in more than 50 countries (Mind tools, 2016). On the basis of this study, Hofstede has identified four dimensions. These dimensions are differentiating one culture from another. These dimensions are as follows: Power Distance: This dimension expresses about degree in which less powerful members of the society accepts and expects that power distribution is unequal in the society. The problem behind the inequality of powers underlines the basic functioning of society. In the research of Hofstede, power distances are measured through Power Distance Index (PDI) (Deverism, 2015). Masculinity vs. Femininity: Masculinity in the society is represented as preferences for the achievements, assertiveness, heroism and the material rewards for the success. Its opposite, Femininity stands for the preferences of the society such as modesty, caring for the weak, quality of life, and cooperation. It is all about distribution of emotional roles between the genders. The bifurcation within the management opposes tough masculine and tender feminine in the society. Survey has emphasized over the importance of work goals and the attachments of genders such as women are more associated with the social goals like helping others, maintenance of good relations, physical environment whereas, men were more attach towards ego goals such as career and money. The data of the survey collected by Hofstede reveals that the difference in masculine and feminine varies from differences existing across occupations and across countries. It is believed that both the genders in the society were supposed to be tender, modest, and concerned for maintaining quality of life (Hofstede, 2011). Figure 1 Figure showing synthetic cultures and learning Image Source: https://ecuteblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/diagram2.jpg Individualism vs. Collectivism: This dimension finds for the answer of question that whether people have their preferences to remain in the close knit networks or they prefer to be left alone by looking after themselves. This is the basic problem that is to be faced by every society to position themselves with the poles. A concise definition demonstrates that Individualism is the situation in which ties between the individuals is very loose and everyone who is holding the tie wants to look after her/his family members while Collectivism is the situation where members of the society are tied in the network from birth and form their own cohesive group that has integrated all the members strongly. This is the protection provided to the people throughout their life-time on the part of their unquestioning loyalty. The differences for individualism are calculated by Hofstede using Individual Index (IDV) (Hofstede, 2016). Long term orientation vs. short term orientation: Long term orientation can be interpreted as dealing with the members of the society with the societys search of virtue. On the other hand, in short term orientation, the societys biggest concern is to establish absolute truth. This orientation is the extent in which culture line up their members for accepting delayed gratification of the social, emotional, and material needs. This approach does not oppose for differences between east and west, instead it divides the world into new lines. In the long term oriented culture of the organization, business people desires to establish an environment that will accustom a culture in which individuals of the organization should work towards building a strong position in the market and they also do not want its immediate results. Manager offers time and resources so that each element would be able to make their contributions. In short term orientation the major concern is about bottom line in wh ich the focus is upon control systems and the judgment of managers was based on such factors only. The entire rationality under this cultural dimension rests on pre-rational choices (Michele J. Gelfand, 2007). Uncertainty Avoidance: This dimension illustrates the degree to which the society members feel uncomfortable about ambiguity and uncertainty. The members either feel comfortable with the unstructured situations or uncomfortable. Unstructured situation is different from usual situation. In this society, the basic factor is that the member wants to control the uncontrollable factors. The measurement of uncertainty is done on Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) by Hofstede (Price, 2016). Comparison between two Cultures Different national culture comprises of different cultural values in their system. The generation of value system has taken place from the conception, or from beliefs, existing means, necessities, or resources. Cultures have their own standards and factors such as traditions, behaviors or communication proves to be irrelevant for other culture (Nguyen, 2016).And thus it threatens the other culture also. These uncertainties create cultural gaps between individuals of the workforce. When variety of culture structure indulges with each other it might be possible that conflicts or disagreement may arise leading to disruption of methods of control. After making consideration of accepted theories related with cultural dimensions, the two cultures were compared. The countries whose cultures were compared with each other are U.S., Great Britain, and Germany (Jing, 2010). Figure 2 Figure showing cultural dimensions of Germany Image Source: https://geert-hofstede.com/germany.html Some of the researchers such as Roberts and Boyacigiller (1984) has administered that the organizations related with both the cultures are culturally biased. They were found that only one discipline among them is better that is multi-disciplinary approach. It is found that the organizations in which employees of Germany were employed has socialized their candidates so powerfully that their values do not provide any evidences about local national culture. And the organizations in which employees of UK were employed were highly efficient, therefore they believe in individualism (Reiche, 2011). They believe in using value distances. Figure 3 Figure showing cultural dimensions of United Kingdom Image Source: https://geert-hofstede.com/united-kingdom.html There were surveyed organization also where only single or two employees belong from other culture and the rest population of the organization belongs solely from one country. It was found that the use of single multinational employer eliminates the effects of management practices and corporate policies (Weber Hsee, 1885). Figure 4Figure showing comparison between the cultural dimensions of United Kingdom and Germany Image Source: https://geert-hofstede.com/germany.html In the U.K. Culture, it is assumed that reading of business cards reveals the rude behavior of the organization towards their employees as it reflects about the personal identity of the employees such as their title, social status etc. But in German culture, an organization failing to read the business cards is the symbol of disrespect towards the individuals (Selnes et al., 1996). Overall, it can be said that the rituals, beliefs, and culture of the countries sets many deeper-seated meanings for their employees. The employees in multinational organization can only show some respect towards the cross-culture after getting full acknowledgement about the cultural framework followed by the organization (Adler, 1983). Conclusion Cultural Differences in the organizations and other workplaces presents an array of challenges for the multinational institutions. These cultures have a great impact on the communication and interaction that takes place between the employees of the organization. Since, there are many countries in the world who needs to operate in different parts of the world, people of such organization become exposed to different cultures by absorbing all its features and get used to it. As a result, many barriers were faced by the managers in daily routine in the organization. Therefore, such organizations were in great need of managers who will be able to manage the employees of multinational organizations using effective leadership, mutual respect, and cross- culture communication. References Adler, N.J., 1983. A Typology of Management Studies Involving Culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(02), pp.29-47. Adler, N.J., 2016. Cross-Cultural Management: Issues to Be Faced. International Studies of Management Organization, 13(1-2), pp.7-45. Anbari, F.T., Khilkhanova, E.V., Romanova, M.V. Umpleby, S.A., 2003. Cross Cultural Differences And Their Implications For Managing International Projects. gwu. Chevrier, S., 2003. Cross-cultural management in multinational project groups. Journal of World Business, 38(2), pp.141-49. Deverism, 2015. Business, Human Resources, Leadership: Understanding Cultures People with Hofstede Dimensions. [Online] Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/ [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Hilb, D.M. Kaufmann, D.V., 2003. Cross-Cultural Management within Switzerland:An In-depth Case Study of a Swiss Financial Services Company. Dissertation Nr. 2787, pp.1-459. Hofstede, G., 2011. Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 02(01), pp.1-26. Hofstede, G., 2016. National Culture. [Online] Available at: https://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Jing, P., 2010. Cross-Cultural Human Resource Management Case Company: Penta Chutian LaserEquipment Co., Ltd. Business Economics and Tourism. Kawar, T.I., 2012. Cross-cultural Differences in Management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 03(06), pp.105-11. Laura M. Milner, D.F.a.M.W.S., 1993. Hofstede's Research on Cross-Cultural Work-Related Values: Implications For Consumer Behavior. Association for Consumer Research, pp.70-76. Laurent, A., 1986. The cross-cultural puzzle of international human resource management. International Human Resource Management, 25(01), pp.91102. Michele J. Gelfand, M.E.a.Z.A., 2007. Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, pp.479-514. Mind tools, 2016. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. [Online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Negandhi, A.R., 1983. Cross-Cultural Management Research: Trend and Future Directions. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(02), pp.17-28. Nguyen, H., 2016. Compare and contrast cultural frameworks developed by Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/7380042/Compare_and_contrast_cultural_frameworks_developed_by_Geert_Hofstede_and_Fons_Trompenaars [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Price, M.-J.B..R., 2016. Understanding Cross-Cultural Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8169389/Understanding_Cross-Cultural_Management [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Reddy, G.P., 2010. Cross Cultural Management. Reiche, P.G.a.S., 2011. National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business. Globalization Note Series. Sahu, D.P., Tamizhselvam, Rajan, K. Rao, C.P., 2014. Cross Cultural Business Management. Pondicherry University. Selnes, F., Jaworski, B.J. Kohli, A.K., 1996. Market orientation in United States and Scandinavian companies. A cross-cultural study. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12(02), pp.139-57. Singh, D., 2001. Managing Cross-cultural Diversity: Issues and Challenges in. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, pp.43-50. Sderberg, A.-M. Holden, N., 2002. Rethinking Cross Cultural Management in a Globalizing Business World. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 02(01), pp.103-21. Weber, E.U. Hsee, C., 1885. Cross-Cultural Differences in Risk Perception, but Cross-Cultural Similarities in Attitudes Towards Perceived Risk. Management Science, 44(09), pp.1205-17. Xing, F., 1995. The Chinese cultural system: Implications for cross-cultural management. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 01(14), p.60.

Influence of Coaches on Players

Abstract The relationship between coaches and their players has been a subject of research for many years now. This research has mainly been centered on determining how the environment created by coaches can lead to positive or negative influence on the motivation of players, the friendships they form and how they consider their own abilities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Influence of Coaches on Players specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Past research has proved that coaches can create either pleasurable or stressing gaming incidents to their players something that cannot only improve their sports but also help in imparting valuable life lessons. It is amazing to note that coaches have higher influence on players than the parents of these players do. This makes it easier for coaches to teach important values to the players something that their parents could not have accomplished. The positive effect tha t the coaches have on these players can be used to curb the use of drugs among young people. This research paper looks at the influence that coaches have on players and examines how this influence can help in reducing substance abuse. Introduction The relationship between coaches and their players has been a subject of research for many years now. This research has mainly been centered on determining how the environment created by coaches can lead to positive or negative influence on the motivation of players, the friendships they form and how they consider their own abilities. Past research has proved that coaches can create either pleasurable or stressing gaming incidents to their players something that cannot only improve their sports but also help in imparting valuable life lessons. It is amazing to note that coaches have higher influence on players than the parents of these players do. This makes it easier for coaches to teach important values to the players something that thei r parents could not have accomplished. The positive effect that the coaches have on these players can be used to curb the use of drugs among young people. This research paper looks at the influence that coaches have on players and examines how this influence can help in reducing substance abuse. (Stephenson)Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In sporting activities, coaches either motivate the players to win or master the game. People who only play to win games tend to believe that they have an obligation of becoming the ideal player and making mistakes is not allowed. Indeed many of these players believe that they are only good if their team is on the winning side. In most cases, coaches who employ this approach tend to be over critical of the players, insist on high performance principles and praise only the players who do well. On the contrary, the other mode of approach focu ses on playing for enjoyment and to master new skills. In most cases, coaches who use this approach praise their players for putting in more efforts and encourage them to play as a team. (Mallette) In most cases, coaches who adopt the â€Å"play to win† mode tend to have high expectations on the players and this often has a negative effect on them. In most cases, such players tend to be excessively concerned with mistakes, tend to have low self-esteem, and they end up having less or no friends within the team. In most cases, lack of team friendship occurs where players feel that everyone is fighting to earn a place in the team and therefore tends to consider their teammates as rivals. On the other hand, players who are taught to adopt the â€Å"play to master† mode tend to have high believes on their capability and tend to form many friends among the team members. Surprisingly, research has shown that players who have critical parents but supportive coaches still end u p having high beliefs about their aptitude. This just goes ahead to show the immense influence that coaches have on their players and how they can help in instilling negative or positive values on them. This makes it important for coaches to understand the need of reinforcing positive behavior within players and create an environment where the players enjoy playing and the whole process of learning. (Ommundsen et al 101) In most cases, playing in an environment that has far above the ground expectations and where there is high criticism can lead to pessimistic thoughts and behaviors, which can in turn contain far-reaching effects. In most cases, youths who have the mentality that they have to succeed in everything and are not allowed to err can develop deprived psychological health as they approach adolescence. In most cases, players who do not bond well with fellow players may end up developing antisocial behavior later on in life. In order to fill for their inadequacy, such player s end up abusing drugs apparently to boost their low self-esteem. On top of this, such players drop from the team and in most cases they even end up dropping from school. (Stephenson)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Influence of Coaches on Players specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, players value their coaches more than they even value their own parents. However, many coaches do not understand this and they only coach to win the games. For most coaches, how they perceive themselves to be doing and performing might not be the same way interpreted by the players. This makes it important for coaches to ensure that every player is appreciated and valued. With this in mind, coaches spend time with their players to instill within them values that will guide them later on in life. It is sad to learn that most coaches have adopted a â€Å"play to win† mode that makes players feel inadequate e ach time they fail to secure a win. In most cases, such players become antisocial because they lack motivation in life. By adopting a â€Å"play to master† game plan, coaches can boost the self-esteem of their players and encourage inter team friendships. This would make it easier for the coaches to master the activities of the individual players since most of the vices witnessed among the youth are introduced in social groupings. In an event where all the players have high moral standing, the chances of antisocial behavior like introduction to drug use would be significantly reduced. (Ommundsen et al 104) On top of helping players to adopt values in life, coaches can use the influence they have over the players to transform their behavior. According to psychologists, influence has immense power and affects in a great manner the decisions that an individual takes. By using their influence in the right manner, coaches can help in transforming the life of players in positive wa ys and provide insightful tactical advice to them. Additionally, these coaches can come up with plans designed to bring out their intended messages in a way that the players will identify with. In fact, research has shown that most players tend to emulate the style of life that their coaches live. Coaches can therefore capitalize on this to pass across educative lessons to the players in a manner that they can identify with. With the war on substance abuse seemingly getting out of hand, coaches might be the catalysts that will bring the much-needed change to the youth. (Mallette) In most cases, coaches who adopt the â€Å"play to master† mode end up creating a strong bond with the players. With such kind of a bond, the relationship turns from coach-player in to a player-confidant mode. Once such kind of a relationship is created, it then becomes easier for the player to confide to the coach their greatest fears.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, it is not surprising to learn that most of the youth today do not have any trusted person that they can confide in. For fear of reprisals, young people tend to endure their pain and end up finding consolation in substance abuse. By making coaches their confidants, these players are able to escape this snare and end up becoming responsible people in the society. (Mallette) If coaches provide support and make the players feel that they are important, then the players are more likely to enjoy the game and in turn, they will adopt a positive belief about their ability and create inter team friendships. By creating a positive belief about their abilities, the players will not feel pressured to perform something that might create low-self esteem, which has been identified as a cause of substance abuse among young people. Additionally, the adoption of this mode of coaching makes players free with their coach and results to making him their confidant. Once this is accomplished, the coach can use his influence and power to counsel the players and make them avoid pitfalls that might arise on their way. Indeed, coaches have the power to determine the kind of people the players become in the society whether they choose professional sporting or not. (Ommundsen et al 111) Conclusion The relationship between coaches and their players has been a subject of research for many years. The findings of these researches have proved beyond doubt that coaches wield a lot of influence on their players. By using the right coaching tactics, coaches can help in instilling the correct values on the players and avoid situations where players end up in substance abuse. If the right approach is used, players can get to trust their coaches and in turn reveal to them things that they cannot even reveal to their own parents. By using their influence, coaches can use this opportunity to counsel the players and help them to avoid engaging in antisocial behavior. If it is used in the right manner, coaching might be the solution to substance abuse that has almost reached catastrophic levels. Works Cited Mallette, Wesley. The Power of Influence and the Relationship between Coaches and Athletes, 2010. Web. Ommundsen, Yngvar, Roberts, Glyn, Lemyre, Pierre-Nicolas, Miller, Blake. â€Å"Parental and Coach Support or Pressure on Psychosocial Outcomes of Pediatric Athletes in Soccer,† Clin J Sport Med, 16:6. (2006) 101-119. Print. Stephenson, Ben. How Parents and Coaches Influence Youth Footballers, n.d. Web. This research paper on Influence of Coaches on Players was written and submitted by user Rodrigo Todd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.